diff --git a/client/src/components/Collab/CollabLinks.tsx b/client/src/components/Collab/CollabLinks.tsx
index d190bb961..d1b4d694f 100644
--- a/client/src/components/Collab/CollabLinks.tsx
+++ b/client/src/components/Collab/CollabLinks.tsx
@@ -14,6 +14,7 @@ import ConfirmDialog from '../shared/ConfirmDialog'
 import EmptyState from '../shared/EmptyState'
 import { Tooltip } from '../shared/Tooltip'
 import { useToast } from '../shared/Toast'
+import { offlineOr } from '../../utils/needsConnection'
 
 const FONT = "var(--font-system)"
 
@@ -218,7 +219,7 @@ export default function CollabLinks({ tripId }: { tripId: number }) {
       setLinks(v => [d.link, ...v])
     } catch (err) {
       console.error('Failed to add collab link:', err)
-      toast.error(t('common.error'))
+      toast.error(offlineOr(t, t('common.error')))
       throw err
     }
   }
@@ -229,7 +230,7 @@ export default function CollabLinks({ tripId }: { tripId: number }) {
       setLinks(v => v.map(x => x.id === link.id ? d.link : x).sort((a, b) => Number(b.pinned) - Number(a.pinned)))
     } catch (err) {
       console.error('Failed to pin collab link:', err)
-      toast.error(t('common.error'))
+      toast.error(offlineOr(t, t('common.error')))
     }
   }
 
@@ -239,7 +240,7 @@ export default function CollabLinks({ tripId }: { tripId: number }) {
       setLinks(v => v.map(x => x.id === link.id ? d.link : x))
     } catch (err) {
       console.error('Failed to edit collab link:', err)
-      toast.error(t('common.error'))
+      toast.error(offlineOr(t, t('common.error')))
       throw err
     }
   }
@@ -250,7 +251,7 @@ export default function CollabLinks({ tripId }: { tripId: number }) {
       setLinks(v => v.filter(x => x.id !== id))
     } catch (err) {
       console.error('Failed to delete collab link:', err)
-      toast.error(t('common.error'))
+      toast.error(offlineOr(t, t('common.error')))
     }
   }
 
diff --git a/client/src/components/Collab/CollabNotes.tsx b/client/src/components/Collab/CollabNotes.tsx
index 1eb336f2a..2f59fb3c5 100644
--- a/client/src/components/Collab/CollabNotes.tsx
+++ b/client/src/components/Collab/CollabNotes.tsx
@@ -26,6 +26,7 @@ import { FilePreviewPortal } from './CollabNotesFilePreviewPortal'
 import { AuthedImg } from './CollabNotesAuthedImg'
 import { safeExternalHref } from '../../utils/safeUrl'
 import { useIsPhone } from '../../mobile/useIsPhone'
+import { offlineOr } from '../../utils/needsConnection'
 
 // ── Main Component ──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
 interface CollabNotesProps {
@@ -88,7 +89,7 @@ function useCollabNotes({ tripId, currentUser }: CollabNotesProps) {
     try {
       created = await collabApi.createNote(tripId, data)
     } catch (err) {
-      toast.error(t('common.error'))
+      toast.error(offlineOr(t, t('common.error')))
       throw err
     }
     if (created) {
@@ -114,7 +115,7 @@ function useCollabNotes({ tripId, currentUser }: CollabNotesProps) {
       result = await collabApi.updateNote(tripId, noteId, data)
     } catch (err) {
       // A batch of writes reports once for the whole run instead of once per note.
-      if (!opts.silent) toast.error(t('common.error'))
+      if (!opts.silent) toast.error(offlineOr(t, t('common.error')))
       throw err
     }
     const updated = result?.note || result
@@ -168,7 +169,7 @@ function useCollabNotes({ tripId, currentUser }: CollabNotesProps) {
     // settings modal has to stay open on the rejection instead of closing on it.
     if (failed > 0) {
       await resyncNotes()
-      toast.error(t('common.error'))
+      toast.error(offlineOr(t, t('common.error')))
       throw new Error(`rename failed for ${failed} of ${toUpdate.length} notes`)
     }
   }, [notes, handleUpdateNote, resyncNotes, toast, t])
@@ -186,7 +187,7 @@ function useCollabNotes({ tripId, currentUser }: CollabNotesProps) {
   }, [editingNote, tripId, handleUpdateNote, setNotes, uploadNoteFiles])
 
   const handleDeleteNoteFile = useCallback(async (noteId, fileId) => {
-    try { await collabApi.deleteNoteFile(tripId, noteId, fileId) } catch { toast.error(t('common.error')) }
+    try { await collabApi.deleteNoteFile(tripId, noteId, fileId) } catch { toast.error(offlineOr(t, t('common.error'))) }
     announceNoteFilesChanged()
   }, [tripId, toast, t])
 
@@ -194,7 +195,7 @@ function useCollabNotes({ tripId, currentUser }: CollabNotesProps) {
     try {
       await collabApi.deleteNote(tripId, noteId)
     } catch (err) {
-      toast.error(t('common.error'))
+      toast.error(offlineOr(t, t('common.error')))
       throw err
     }
     setNotes(prev => prev.filter(n => n.id !== noteId))
diff --git a/client/src/components/Collab/useCollabChatData.ts b/client/src/components/Collab/useCollabChatData.ts
index b6cb038c5..bad7e585d 100644
--- a/client/src/components/Collab/useCollabChatData.ts
+++ b/client/src/components/Collab/useCollabChatData.ts
@@ -3,6 +3,7 @@ import { useCallback, useEffect, useRef, useState, type ChangeEvent } from 'reac
 import { collabApi } from '../../api/client';
 import { addListener, removeListener } from '../../api/websocket';
 import type { useTranslation } from '../../i18n';
+import { offlineOr } from '../../utils/needsConnection';
 import type { useToast } from '../shared/Toast';
 import type { ChatMessage, ChatReaction } from './collabModel';
 import { MAX_CHAT_IMAGES, useChatImages } from './useChatImages';
@@ -143,7 +144,7 @@ export function useCollabChatData({
         });
       }
     } catch {
-      if (toastLoadMoreErrors) toast.error(t('common.error'));
+      if (toastLoadMoreErrors) toast.error(offlineOr(t, t('common.error')));
     } finally {
       setLoadingMore(false);
     }
@@ -204,7 +205,7 @@ export function useCollabChatData({
       isAtBottom.current = true;
       setTimeout(() => scrollToBottom('smooth'), 50);
     } catch {
-      toast.error(t('common.error'));
+      toast.error(offlineOr(t, t('common.error')));
     } finally {
       setSending(false);
       setUploadProgress(0);
@@ -218,7 +219,7 @@ export function useCollabChatData({
         await collabApi.deleteMessage(tripId, msgId);
         setMessages((prev) => prev.map((m) => (m.id === msgId ? { ...m, _deleted: true } : m)));
       } catch {
-        toast.error(t('common.error'));
+        toast.error(offlineOr(t, t('common.error')));
       }
     },
     [tripId, toast, t]
@@ -230,7 +231,7 @@ export function useCollabChatData({
         const data = (await collabApi.reactMessage(tripId, msgId, emoji)) as { reactions: ChatReaction[] };
         setMessages((prev) => prev.map((m) => (m.id === msgId ? { ...m, reactions: data.reactions } : m)));
       } catch {
-        toast.error(t('common.error'));
+        toast.error(offlineOr(t, t('common.error')));
       }
     },
     [tripId, toast, t]
diff --git a/client/src/components/Collab/useCollabNotesData.ts b/client/src/components/Collab/useCollabNotesData.ts
index bffc28e59..1505ef50f 100644
--- a/client/src/components/Collab/useCollabNotesData.ts
+++ b/client/src/components/Collab/useCollabNotesData.ts
@@ -3,6 +3,7 @@ import { useCallback, useEffect, useState } from 'react';
 import { collabApi } from '../../api/client';
 import { addListener, removeListener } from '../../api/websocket';
 import type { useTranslation } from '../../i18n';
+import { offlineOr } from '../../utils/needsConnection';
 import type { useToast } from '../shared/Toast';
 import type { CollabNoteData } from './collabModel';
 
@@ -97,7 +98,7 @@ export function useCollabNotesData<N extends { id: number } = CollabNoteData>({
           await collabApi.uploadNoteFile(tripId, noteId, fd);
         } catch (err) {
           onFileError?.(err);
-          toast.error(t('common.error'));
+          toast.error(offlineOr(t, t('common.error')));
         }
       }
       if (files.length > 0) announceNoteFilesChanged();
diff --git a/client/src/components/Collab/useCollabPolls.ts b/client/src/components/Collab/useCollabPolls.ts
index e188b4812..d9fc5df0d 100644
--- a/client/src/components/Collab/useCollabPolls.ts
+++ b/client/src/components/Collab/useCollabPolls.ts
@@ -4,6 +4,7 @@ import { useCallback, useEffect, useState } from 'react';
 import { collabApi } from '../../api/client';
 import { addListener, removeListener } from '../../api/websocket';
 import type { useTranslation } from '../../i18n';
+import { offlineOr } from '../../utils/needsConnection';
 import type { useToast } from '../shared/Toast';
 import { isPollActive, type CollabPollData } from './collabModel';
 
@@ -111,7 +112,7 @@ export function useCollabPolls({
         const created = readPoll(await collabApi.createPoll(tripId, data));
         setPolls((prev) => (prev.some((p) => p.id === created.id) ? prev : [created, ...prev]));
       } catch (err) {
-        toast.error(t('common.error'));
+        toast.error(offlineOr(t, t('common.error')));
         throw err;
       }
     },
@@ -125,7 +126,7 @@ export function useCollabPolls({
         const target = matchVoteByPollId ? pollId : updated.id;
         setPolls((prev) => prev.map((p) => (p.id === target ? updated : p)));
       } catch {
-        toast.error(t('common.error'));
+        toast.error(offlineOr(t, t('common.error')));
       }
     },
     [tripId, matchVoteByPollId, toast, t]
@@ -142,7 +143,7 @@ export function useCollabPolls({
           })
         );
       } catch {
-        toast.error(t('common.error'));
+        toast.error(offlineOr(t, t('common.error')));
       }
     },
     [tripId, replaceClosedPoll, toast, t]
@@ -154,7 +155,7 @@ export function useCollabPolls({
         await collabApi.deletePoll(tripId, pollId);
         setPolls((prev) => prev.filter((p) => p.id !== pollId));
       } catch {
-        toast.error(t('common.error'));
+        toast.error(offlineOr(t, t('common.error')));
       }
     },
     [tripId, toast, t]
diff --git a/client/src/components/Packing/ApplyTemplateButton.tsx b/client/src/components/Packing/ApplyTemplateButton.tsx
index 239137927..6b2cdc17e 100644
--- a/client/src/components/Packing/ApplyTemplateButton.tsx
+++ b/client/src/components/Packing/ApplyTemplateButton.tsx
@@ -5,6 +5,7 @@ import { useTripStore } from '../../store/tripStore'
 import { useToast } from '../shared/Toast'
 import { useTranslation } from '../../i18n'
 import { PackingTemplateOption } from './PackingTemplateOption'
+import { offlineOr } from '../../utils/needsConnection'
 
 interface Template {
   id: number
@@ -50,7 +51,7 @@ export default function ApplyTemplateButton({ tripId, visibility, style, classNa
       toast.success(t('packing.templateApplied', { count: data.count }))
       setOpen(false)
     } catch {
-      toast.error(t('packing.templateError'))
+      toast.error(offlineOr(t, t('packing.templateError')))
     } finally {
       setApplying(false)
     }
diff --git a/client/src/components/Packing/usePackingBags.ts b/client/src/components/Packing/usePackingBags.ts
index caf8f54be..40a463b59 100644
--- a/client/src/components/Packing/usePackingBags.ts
+++ b/client/src/components/Packing/usePackingBags.ts
@@ -4,6 +4,7 @@ import { useCallback, useEffect, useState } from 'react';
 import { packingApi } from '../../api/client';
 import { useNetworkMode } from '../../hooks/useNetworkMode';
 import type { PackingBag } from '../../types';
+import { offlineOr } from '../../utils/needsConnection';
 import { BAG_COLORS } from './packingListPanel.constants';
 import { useBagTotalsPing } from './useBagTotalsPing';
 
@@ -74,7 +75,7 @@ export function usePackingBags({
       setBags((prev) => [...prev, data.bag]);
       return { bag: data.bag };
     } catch {
-      toast.error(t('packing.toast.saveError'));
+      toast.error(offlineOr(t, t('packing.toast.saveError')));
       return null;
     }
   };
@@ -87,7 +88,7 @@ export function usePackingBags({
       const result = await packingApi.updateBag(tripId, bagId, data);
       setBags((prev) => prev.map((b) => (b.id === bagId ? { ...b, ...result.bag } : b)));
     } catch {
-      toast.error(t('common.error'));
+      toast.error(offlineOr(t, t('common.error')));
     }
   };
 
@@ -96,7 +97,7 @@ export function usePackingBags({
       await packingApi.deleteBag(tripId, bagId);
       setBags((prev) => prev.filter((b) => b.id !== bagId));
     } catch {
-      toast.error(t('packing.toast.deleteError'));
+      toast.error(offlineOr(t, t('packing.toast.deleteError')));
     }
   };
 
@@ -105,7 +106,7 @@ export function usePackingBags({
       const result = await packingApi.setBagMembers(tripId, bagId, userIds);
       setBags((prev) => prev.map((b) => (b.id === bagId ? { ...b, members: result.members } : b)));
     } catch {
-      toast.error(t('common.error'));
+      toast.error(offlineOr(t, t('common.error')));
     }
   };
 
diff --git a/client/src/components/Packing/usePackingCategoryAssignees.ts b/client/src/components/Packing/usePackingCategoryAssignees.ts
index 2159562ef..d3718ed12 100644
--- a/client/src/components/Packing/usePackingCategoryAssignees.ts
+++ b/client/src/components/Packing/usePackingCategoryAssignees.ts
@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 import { useEffect, useState } from 'react';
 
 import { packingApi } from '../../api/client';
+import { offlineOr } from '../../utils/needsConnection';
 
 type Translate = (key: string, params?: Record<string, string | number>) => string;
 interface Toaster {
@@ -36,7 +37,7 @@ export function usePackingCategoryAssignees({ tripId, t, toast }: { tripId: numb
       const data = await packingApi.setCategoryAssignees(tripId, category, userIds);
       setCategoryAssignees((prev) => ({ ...prev, [category]: data.assignees || [] }));
     } catch {
-      toast.error(t('packing.toast.saveError'));
+      toast.error(offlineOr(t, t('packing.toast.saveError')));
     }
   };
 
diff --git a/client/src/components/Packing/usePackingImport.ts b/client/src/components/Packing/usePackingImport.ts
index fddc30e68..8c882bb9f 100644
--- a/client/src/components/Packing/usePackingImport.ts
+++ b/client/src/components/Packing/usePackingImport.ts
@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@ import { useMemo, useState, type ChangeEvent } from 'react';
 
 import { packingApi } from '../../api/client';
 import { useTripStore } from '../../store/tripStore';
+import { offlineOr } from '../../utils/needsConnection';
 import { parseImportLines } from './packingListPanel.helpers';
 
 type Translate = (key: string, params?: Record<string, string | number>) => string;
@@ -66,7 +67,7 @@ export function usePackingImport({
       setText('');
       onImported();
     } catch {
-      toast.error(t('packing.importError'));
+      toast.error(offlineOr(t, t('packing.importError')));
     } finally {
       if (oneAtATime) setImporting(false);
     }
diff --git a/client/src/components/Planner/useListImport.ts b/client/src/components/Planner/useListImport.ts
index 008b8f20d..8aade131b 100644
--- a/client/src/components/Planner/useListImport.ts
+++ b/client/src/components/Planner/useListImport.ts
@@ -3,6 +3,7 @@ import { useState } from 'react';
 import { placesApi } from '../../api/client';
 import type { useTranslation } from '../../i18n';
 import { useAuthStore } from '../../store/authStore';
+import { offlineOr } from '../../utils/needsConnection';
 import type { useToast } from '../shared/Toast';
 
 export type ListImportProvider = 'google' | 'naver';
@@ -84,7 +85,9 @@ export function useListImport({ tripId, t, toast, loadTrip, pushUndo, onDone }:
       onDone?.();
     } catch (err: unknown) {
       const message = (err as { response?: { data?: { error?: string } } })?.response?.data?.error;
-      toast.error(message || t(provider === 'google' ? 'places.googleListError' : 'places.naverListError'));
+      toast.error(
+        message || offlineOr(t, t(provider === 'google' ? 'places.googleListError' : 'places.naverListError'))
+      );
     } finally {
       setLoading(false);
     }
diff --git a/client/src/components/Planner/usePlaceForm.ts b/client/src/components/Planner/usePlaceForm.ts
index 20e8c8b1d..e97b96985 100644
--- a/client/src/components/Planner/usePlaceForm.ts
+++ b/client/src/components/Planner/usePlaceForm.ts
@@ -3,6 +3,7 @@ import { useRef, useState } from 'react';
 
 import type { useTranslation } from '../../i18n';
 import type { Category } from '../../types';
+import { offlineOr } from '../../utils/needsConnection';
 import type { useToast } from '../shared/Toast';
 import type { PlaceDetailsSelection } from './PlaceDetailsColumn';
 import {
@@ -174,7 +175,7 @@ export function useNewCategory({ t, toast, onCreated, variant, create }: NewCate
       setName('');
       setOpen(false);
     } catch {
-      toast.error(t('places.categoryCreateError'));
+      toast.error(offlineOr(t, t('places.categoryCreateError')));
     } finally {
       if (sheet) setSaving(false);
     }
diff --git a/client/src/components/Planner/usePlacesFileImport.ts b/client/src/components/Planner/usePlacesFileImport.ts
index b1f4fc470..7337de1f7 100644
--- a/client/src/components/Planner/usePlacesFileImport.ts
+++ b/client/src/components/Planner/usePlacesFileImport.ts
@@ -4,6 +4,7 @@ import { useEffect, useEffectEvent, useState } from 'react';
 import { placesApi } from '../../api/client';
 import type { useTranslation } from '../../i18n';
 import { useAuthStore } from '../../store/authStore';
+import { offlineOr } from '../../utils/needsConnection';
 import type { useToast } from '../shared/Toast';
 
 export interface PlacesImportSummary {
@@ -230,7 +231,8 @@ export function usePlacesFileImport({
         }
       } catch (err: unknown) {
         const message =
-          (err as { response?: { data?: { error?: string } } })?.response?.data?.error || t('places.importFileError');
+          (err as { response?: { data?: { error?: string } } })?.response?.data?.error ||
+          offlineOr(t, t('places.importFileError'));
         errors.push(files.length > 1 ? `${f.name}: ${message}` : message);
       }
     }
diff --git a/client/src/components/Planner/usePlacesPool.ts b/client/src/components/Planner/usePlacesPool.ts
index ae9cbb313..71d9f7ddf 100644
--- a/client/src/components/Planner/usePlacesPool.ts
+++ b/client/src/components/Planner/usePlacesPool.ts
@@ -4,6 +4,7 @@ import { collectionsApi } from '../../api/collections';
 import type { useTranslation } from '../../i18n';
 import { useTripStore } from '../../store/tripStore';
 import type { Place } from '../../types';
+import { offlineOr } from '../../utils/needsConnection';
 import { useToast } from '../shared/Toast';
 
 /** What the pool shows: everything, what is not on a day yet, what is, or the tracks. */
@@ -135,7 +136,7 @@ export function usePlacesPool({ tripId, places, poolPlaces, toursEnabled, t, sta
       else toast.success(t('collections.markedVisitedTrip', { count: matchedPlaces ?? 0 }));
       exitSelectMode();
     } catch {
-      toast.error(t('common.error'));
+      toast.error(offlineOr(t, t('common.error')));
     } finally {
       setMarkVisitedBusy(false);
     }
diff --git a/client/src/mobile/screens/trip/tabs/MCollabNotes.tsx b/client/src/mobile/screens/trip/tabs/MCollabNotes.tsx
index d70b47dde..3a849d960 100644
--- a/client/src/mobile/screens/trip/tabs/MCollabNotes.tsx
+++ b/client/src/mobile/screens/trip/tabs/MCollabNotes.tsx
@@ -22,6 +22,7 @@ import {
   type CollabNoteData,
   type CollabNoteFile,
 } from '../../../../components/Collab/collabModel'
+import { offlineOr } from '../../../../utils/needsConnection'
 
 interface MCollabNotesProps {
   planner: TripPlanner
@@ -77,7 +78,7 @@ export default function MCollabNotes({ planner }: MCollabNotesProps) {
       })) as NoteResponse
       created = res.note
     } catch {
-      toast.error(t('common.error'))
+      toast.error(offlineOr(t, t('common.error')))
       throw new Error('create failed')
     }
     if (data.pendingFiles.length > 0) {
@@ -99,7 +100,7 @@ export default function MCollabNotes({ planner }: MCollabNotesProps) {
       const res = (await collabApi.updateNote(tripId, noteId, data)) as NoteResponse
       updated = res.note
     } catch {
-      toast.error(t('common.error'))
+      toast.error(offlineOr(t, t('common.error')))
       throw new Error('update failed')
     }
     if (pendingFiles.length > 0) {
@@ -117,7 +118,7 @@ export default function MCollabNotes({ planner }: MCollabNotesProps) {
       setNotes(prev => prev.filter(n => n.id !== noteId))
       announceNoteFilesChanged()
     } catch {
-      toast.error(t('common.error'))
+      toast.error(offlineOr(t, t('common.error')))
     }
   }, [tripId, toast, t, setNotes])
 
@@ -132,7 +133,7 @@ export default function MCollabNotes({ planner }: MCollabNotesProps) {
       announceNoteFilesChanged()
       return true
     } catch {
-      toast.error(t('common.error'))
+      toast.error(offlineOr(t, t('common.error')))
       return false
     }
   }, [tripId, toast, t, setNotes])