From 64136484ee204be70c5cd2d517bc8e0bfc718f81 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Maurice <mauriceboe@icloud.com>
Date: Sat, 4 Jul 2026 18:32:26 +0200
Subject: [PATCH] fix(plugins): security hardening from the PR #1415 audit
MIME-Version: 1.0
Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8
Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit

Remediates the findings from the adversarial audit (threat model: malicious
plugin author + malicious artifact). Highlights:

Critical
- proxy: force nosniff + Content-Disposition: attachment on every proxied reply
  and drop location/content-disposition + non-2xx from the passthrough, so a
  plugin can't serve an HTML document at TREK's origin (sandbox-escape → account
  takeover) or an open redirect.

High
- db:own runs synchronously in the host: cap the plugin DB (max_page_count) and
  row-cap query() via iterate() so a recursive CTE / huge blob can't stall the
  event loop, OOM, or exhaust the shared volume.
- supervisor: measure child RSS host-side (/proc/<pid>/statm) instead of trusting
  the spoofable heartbeat; add an activation timeout so a stuck onLoad can't hang
  activate() or peg a core unreaped.
- safe-extract: enforce entry-count + cumulative-size limits INSIDE readZip
  before inflating (decompression-bomb OOM).
- re-consent: activate() never widens granted permissions without explicit
  consent (409 CONSENT_REQUIRED); the row toggle + "Update All" route through the
  consent dialog, which now queues instead of overwriting.

Medium/low
- egress: gate dgram hostnames through the IP-vetting resolver; block the
  low-level socket escape (process.binding) + lock the wrapped prototypes;
  canonicalize IPv6 in isBlockedIp (hex-mapped/compressed metadata); reject
  degenerate `*.` / whole-TLD / spaced outbound hosts in the manifest + CSP.
- ws:broadcast is membership-gated to the acting user's trips / own connections;
  users.getById is scoped to users the acting user can see (no enumeration).
- safe-fetch streams + aborts at the byte cap (chunked codeload OOM); isPrivateIp
  reuses the canonicalizing check.
- native-scan throws instead of silently passing past its entry cap.
- SDK: dev serves binary assets as raw buffers + handles EADDRINUSE; manifest
  validator gains the reserved-id + outbound-host checks; wikis corrected.

Tests updated for the new membership-gated behaviour + regression tests added
(IPv6 canonicalization, wildcard hardening, outbound-host validation, ws/user
scoping). 234 plugin tests + 24 SDK tests green.
---
 client/src/api/client.ts                      |  2 +-
 .../components/Admin/AdminPluginsPanel.tsx    | 40 ++++++++++----
 client/src/components/Plugins/PluginFrame.tsx |  9 ++++
 plugin-sdk/src/cli/dev.ts                     | 18 +++++--
 plugin-sdk/src/manifest.ts                    | 13 +++++
 .../src/nest/plugins/host/create-rpc-host.ts  | 12 +++++
 .../nest/plugins/host/plugin-data.service.ts  | 22 +++++++-
 server/src/nest/plugins/host/rpc-host.ts      | 35 ++++++++----
 server/src/nest/plugins/install/manifest.ts   | 15 ++++++
 .../src/nest/plugins/install/native-scan.ts   |  4 +-
 .../src/nest/plugins/install/safe-extract.ts  | 25 ++++++---
 server/src/nest/plugins/install/safe-fetch.ts | 47 ++++++++++------
 .../nest/plugins/plugin-frame.controller.ts   |  9 +++-
 .../nest/plugins/plugin-runtime.service.ts    | 29 ++++++++--
 .../nest/plugins/plugins-proxy.controller.ts  | 17 +++++-
 server/src/nest/plugins/plugins.controller.ts | 11 ++--
 .../src/nest/plugins/runtime/egress-policy.ts | 47 +++++++++++++---
 .../nest/plugins/runtime/plugin-host-entry.ts | 33 ++++++++++++
 .../plugins/supervisor/plugin-supervisor.ts   | 54 ++++++++++++++++++-
 .../unit/plugins/create-rpc-host.test.ts      |  8 +--
 .../tests/unit/plugins/egress-policy.test.ts  | 17 ++++++
 server/tests/unit/plugins/manifest.test.ts    | 10 ++++
 server/tests/unit/plugins/rpc-host.test.ts    | 40 +++++++++++---
 wiki/Plugin-Publishing.md                     |  5 +-
 wiki/Plugins.md                               |  5 +-
 25 files changed, 442 insertions(+), 85 deletions(-)

diff --git a/client/src/api/client.ts b/client/src/api/client.ts
index 5d95f542b..f9a388d66 100644
--- a/client/src/api/client.ts
+++ b/client/src/api/client.ts
@@ -464,7 +464,7 @@ export const adminApi = {
   pluginBrowse: () => apiClient.get('/admin/plugins/registry').then(r => r.data),
   pluginDetail: (id: string) => apiClient.get(`/admin/plugins/registry/${encodeURIComponent(id)}`).then(r => r.data),
   pluginInstall: (id: string, version?: string) => apiClient.post('/admin/plugins/install', { id, version }).then(r => r.data),
-  pluginActivate: (id: string) => apiClient.post(`/admin/plugins/${id}/activate`).then(r => r.data),
+  pluginActivate: (id: string, consent?: boolean) => apiClient.post(`/admin/plugins/${id}/activate`, consent ? { consent: true } : {}).then(r => r.data),
   pluginDeactivate: (id: string) => apiClient.post(`/admin/plugins/${id}/deactivate`).then(r => r.data),
   pluginUpdate: (id: string) => apiClient.post(`/admin/plugins/${id}/update`).then(r => r.data),
   pluginUninstall: (id: string, deleteData: boolean) => apiClient.post(`/admin/plugins/${id}/uninstall`, { deleteData }).then(r => r.data),
diff --git a/client/src/components/Admin/AdminPluginsPanel.tsx b/client/src/components/Admin/AdminPluginsPanel.tsx
index 9da7ec5c0..f030adc83 100644
--- a/client/src/components/Admin/AdminPluginsPanel.tsx
+++ b/client/src/components/Admin/AdminPluginsPanel.tsx
@@ -157,7 +157,9 @@ export default function AdminPluginsPanel() {
   const [detailFor, setDetailFor] = useState<RegistryItem | null>(null)
   const [errorsFor, setErrorsFor] = useState<{ id: string; rows: Array<{ ts: string; level: string; message: string }> } | null>(null)
   const [confirmUninstall, setConfirmUninstall] = useState<PluginRow | null>(null)
-  const [consentUpdate, setConsentUpdate] = useState<{ plugin: PluginRow; version: string; newPermissions: string[]; newEgress: string[] } | null>(null)
+  // A QUEUE, not one slot: "Update All" can produce several re-consent prompts —
+  // each must be shown, not silently overwritten by the last one.
+  const [consentQueue, setConsentQueue] = useState<Array<{ plugin: PluginRow; version: string; newPermissions: string[]; newEgress: string[] }>>([])
   const [menu, setMenu] = useState<string | null>(null)
 
   // Toolbar state.
@@ -209,12 +211,32 @@ export default function AdminPluginsPanel() {
   const restart = (id: string) => act(id, async () => { await adminApi.pluginDeactivate(id); await adminApi.pluginActivate(id) }, t('admin.plugins.restarted'))
   const installedIds = new Set(plugins.map(p => p.id))
 
+  // Enable/disable a plugin. Re-enabling one whose update widened its permissions
+  // must NOT grant them silently — the server answers 409 CONSENT_REQUIRED and we
+  // route through the same consent dialog the Update button uses.
+  const toggle = (p: PluginRow) => {
+    if (busy === p.id) return
+    if (p.enabled === 1) { void act(p.id, () => adminApi.pluginDeactivate(p.id), t('admin.plugins.deactivated')); return }
+    setBusy(p.id); setMenu(null)
+    adminApi.pluginActivate(p.id)
+      .then(() => toast.success(t('admin.plugins.activated')))
+      .catch((e: { response?: { status?: number; data?: { code?: string; error?: string; newPermissions?: string[]; newEgress?: string[] } } }) => {
+        const d = e?.response?.data
+        if (e?.response?.status === 409 && d?.code === 'CONSENT_REQUIRED') {
+          setConsentQueue(qq => [...qq, { plugin: p, version: latest[p.id] ?? p.version ?? '', newPermissions: d.newPermissions ?? [], newEgress: d.newEgress ?? [] }])
+        } else {
+          toast.error(d?.error || t('admin.plugins.actionError'))
+        }
+      })
+      .finally(() => { setBusy(null); refresh() })
+  }
+
   const runUpdate = (p: PluginRow) => {
     setBusy(p.id); setMenu(null)
     adminApi.pluginUpdate(p.id)
       .then((r: { version: string; activated: boolean; newPermissions: string[]; newEgress: string[] }) => {
         if (r.activated || (r.newPermissions.length === 0 && r.newEgress.length === 0)) toast.success(t('admin.plugins.updated'))
-        else setConsentUpdate({ plugin: p, version: r.version, newPermissions: r.newPermissions, newEgress: r.newEgress })
+        else setConsentQueue(qq => [...qq, { plugin: p, version: r.version, newPermissions: r.newPermissions, newEgress: r.newEgress }])
       })
       .catch(e => toast.error((e as { response?: { data?: { error?: string } } })?.response?.data?.error || t('admin.plugins.actionError')))
       .finally(() => { setBusy(null); refresh() })
@@ -380,8 +402,7 @@ export default function AdminPluginsPanel() {
             ) : shownInstalled.map(p => (
               <InstalledRow key={p.id} p={p} t={t} busy={busy} menu={menu} setMenu={setMenu}
                 hasUpdate={updateAvailable(p)} latestVer={latest[p.id]}
-                onToggle={() => busy !== p.id && act(p.id, () => p.enabled === 1 ? adminApi.pluginDeactivate(p.id) : adminApi.pluginActivate(p.id),
-                  p.enabled === 1 ? t('admin.plugins.deactivated') : t('admin.plugins.activated'))}
+                onToggle={() => toggle(p)}
                 onUpdate={() => runUpdate(p)} onRestart={() => restart(p.id)}
                 onErrors={() => openErrors(p.id)} onUninstall={() => { setMenu(null); setConfirmUninstall(p) }} />
             ))}
@@ -430,14 +451,15 @@ export default function AdminPluginsPanel() {
         message={t('admin.plugins.uninstallBody')}
       />
 
-      {consentUpdate && (
+      {consentQueue[0] && (
         <UpdateConsentDialog
-          data={consentUpdate} t={t}
+          data={consentQueue[0]} t={t}
           onApprove={async () => {
-            const c = consentUpdate; setConsentUpdate(null)
-            await act(c.plugin.id, () => adminApi.pluginActivate(c.plugin.id), t('admin.plugins.updated'))
+            const c = consentQueue[0]; setConsentQueue(qq => qq.slice(1))
+            // consent:true — the ONLY path that may widen a plugin's granted rights.
+            await act(c.plugin.id, () => adminApi.pluginActivate(c.plugin.id, true), t('admin.plugins.updated'))
           }}
-          onLater={() => { setConsentUpdate(null); toast.success(t('admin.plugins.updateKeptOff')) }}
+          onLater={() => { setConsentQueue(qq => qq.slice(1)); toast.success(t('admin.plugins.updateKeptOff')) }}
         />
       )}
     </div>
diff --git a/client/src/components/Plugins/PluginFrame.tsx b/client/src/components/Plugins/PluginFrame.tsx
index 4be5a32a4..38cdd957e 100644
--- a/client/src/components/Plugins/PluginFrame.tsx
+++ b/client/src/components/Plugins/PluginFrame.tsx
@@ -35,6 +35,11 @@ type Inbound =
 
 export default function PluginFrame({ pluginId, tripId = null, className, title }: PluginFrameProps) {
   const frameRef = useRef<HTMLIFrameElement | null>(null)
+  // A sandboxed frame may navigate ITSELF (connect-src can't stop that). If the
+  // plugin's document navigates away, its window identity still matches our
+  // iframe, so we'd keep answering trek:invoke/context to the new (possibly
+  // attacker) origin. Track loads: after the initial document, refuse the bridge.
+  const loadsRef = useRef(0)
   const { locale } = useTranslation()
   const navigate = useNavigate()
   const toast = useToast()
@@ -59,6 +64,9 @@ export default function PluginFrame({ pluginId, tripId = null, className, title
     const onMessage = async (ev: MessageEvent) => {
       // The ONLY trusted identity: the message came from OUR iframe's window.
       if (ev.source !== frame.contentWindow) return
+      // …AND that window still holds the original plugin document (loaded once).
+      // A 2nd load means the frame navigated elsewhere — stop bridging to it.
+      if (loadsRef.current > 1) return
       const msg = ev.data as Inbound
       if (!msg || typeof msg !== 'object') return
 
@@ -104,6 +112,7 @@ export default function PluginFrame({ pluginId, tripId = null, className, title
     <iframe
       ref={frameRef}
       src={`/plugin-frame/${pluginId}/index.html`}
+      onLoad={() => { loadsRef.current += 1 }}
       sandbox="allow-scripts allow-forms"
       referrerPolicy="no-referrer"
       loading="lazy"
diff --git a/plugin-sdk/src/cli/dev.ts b/plugin-sdk/src/cli/dev.ts
index 3c30a5c66..3019c07c4 100644
--- a/plugin-sdk/src/cli/dev.ts
+++ b/plugin-sdk/src/cli/dev.ts
@@ -149,7 +149,7 @@ export async function runDev(dir: string, opts: { port?: number } = {}): Promise
 
   async function handle(request: http.IncomingMessage, res: http.ServerResponse): Promise<void> {
     const url = new URL(request.url || '/', 'http://localhost');
-    const send = (status: number, body: string, type = 'text/plain; charset=utf-8', headers: Record<string, string> = {}) => {
+    const send = (status: number, body: string | Buffer, type = 'text/plain; charset=utf-8', headers: Record<string, string> = {}) => {
       res.writeHead(status, { 'content-type': type, ...headers }); res.end(body);
     };
 
@@ -162,10 +162,14 @@ export async function runDev(dir: string, opts: { port?: number } = {}): Promise
       const file = path.join(abs, 'client', relFile);
       if (!file.startsWith(path.join(abs, 'client'))) return send(403, 'forbidden');
       if (!fs.existsSync(file) || !fs.statSync(file).isFile()) return send(404, 'not found — build your client/ bundle');
-      let data: Buffer | string = fs.readFileSync(file);
+      const raw = fs.readFileSync(file);
       const type = contentType(file);
-      if (type.startsWith('text/html')) data = String(data).replace('</body>', `${LIVE_RELOAD}</body>`);
-      return send(200, data.toString(), type);
+      // Only the HTML doc is rewritten (live-reload inject) as a string; every other
+      // asset is sent as the raw Buffer — a UTF-8 round-trip corrupts binary files.
+      const body: string | Buffer = type.startsWith('text/html')
+        ? String(raw).replace('</body>', `${LIVE_RELOAD}</body>`)
+        : raw;
+      return send(200, body, type);
     }
 
     // Plugin API routes mounted under /api/<route path>
@@ -191,7 +195,11 @@ export async function runDev(dir: string, opts: { port?: number } = {}): Promise
   }
 
   const port = opts.port ?? 4317;
-  await new Promise<void>((resolve) => server.listen(port, resolve));
+  await new Promise<void>((resolve, reject) => {
+    server.once('error', (e: NodeJS.ErrnoException) =>
+      reject(e.code === 'EADDRINUSE' ? new Error(`port ${port} is already in use — pass --port <n> to pick another`) : e));
+    server.listen(port, resolve);
+  });
   const routes = plugin.routes ?? [];
   console.log(`\n  trek-plugin dev — ${id} (${String(manifest.type)})`);
   console.log(`  ${dbNote}`);
diff --git a/plugin-sdk/src/manifest.ts b/plugin-sdk/src/manifest.ts
index 642afa8bf..dd3819711 100644
--- a/plugin-sdk/src/manifest.ts
+++ b/plugin-sdk/src/manifest.ts
@@ -21,7 +21,13 @@ export interface ValidationResult {
 }
 
 const ID_RE = /^[a-z][a-z0-9-]{2,39}$/;
+// Ids that would collide with admin API route segments — refused by the server's
+// install loader, so surface it locally too.
+const RESERVED_IDS = new Set(['registry', 'install', 'rescan']);
 const SEMVER_RE = /^\d+\.\d+\.\d+(?:-[0-9A-Za-z.-]+)?$/;
+// An outbound host: exact FQDN or `*.`-wildcard, always multi-label. No `*`, no
+// `*.`, no whole-TLD `*.com`, no spaces (mirrors the server manifest validator).
+const HOST_RE = /^(\*\.)?([a-z0-9-]+\.)+[a-z0-9-]+$/i;
 const TYPES = ['integration', 'page', 'widget'];
 const KNOWN_PERMISSIONS = [
   'db:own', 'db:read:trips', 'db:read:users', 'ws:broadcast:trip', 'ws:broadcast:user',
@@ -43,6 +49,7 @@ export function validateManifest(raw: unknown): ValidationResult {
   req('id'); req('name'); req('version'); req('type');
 
   if (typeof m.id === 'string' && !ID_RE.test(m.id)) errors.push(`id "${m.id}" must be a lowercase slug (3–40 chars)`);
+  if (typeof m.id === 'string' && RESERVED_IDS.has(m.id)) errors.push(`id "${m.id}" is reserved`);
   if (typeof m.version === 'string' && !SEMVER_RE.test(m.version)) errors.push(`version "${m.version}" is not semver`);
   if (typeof m.type === 'string' && !TYPES.includes(m.type)) errors.push(`type must be one of ${TYPES.join('/')}`);
   if (m.apiVersion !== undefined && typeof m.apiVersion !== 'number') errors.push('apiVersion must be a number');
@@ -50,11 +57,17 @@ export function validateManifest(raw: unknown): ValidationResult {
 
   const permissions = Array.isArray(m.permissions) ? m.permissions.map(String) : [];
   for (const p of permissions) if (!isKnownPermission(p)) errors.push(`unknown permission: ${p}`);
+  for (const p of permissions) {
+    if (p.startsWith('http:outbound:') && !HOST_RE.test(p.slice('http:outbound:'.length))) {
+      errors.push(`invalid http:outbound host "${p.slice('http:outbound:'.length)}"`);
+    }
+  }
 
   const egress = Array.isArray(m.egress) ? m.egress.map(String) : [];
   const wantsOutbound = permissions.some((p) => p === 'http:outbound' || p.startsWith('http:outbound:'));
   if (wantsOutbound && egress.length === 0) errors.push('http:outbound declared but egress[] is empty');
   if (egress.includes('*')) errors.push('egress[] must not contain a bare "*"');
+  for (const h of egress) if (!HOST_RE.test(h)) errors.push(`invalid egress host "${h}"`);
 
   const widget = (m.capabilities as { widget?: { slot?: unknown } } | undefined)?.widget;
   if (widget?.slot !== undefined && widget.slot !== 'sidebar' && widget.slot !== 'hero') {
diff --git a/server/src/nest/plugins/host/create-rpc-host.ts b/server/src/nest/plugins/host/create-rpc-host.ts
index e77620010..ac8e958af 100644
--- a/server/src/nest/plugins/host/create-rpc-host.ts
+++ b/server/src/nest/plugins/host/create-rpc-host.ts
@@ -32,6 +32,18 @@ export function createRealRpcHost(id: string, granted: ReadonlySet<string>): Plu
     data: getPluginDataDb(id),
     db,
     canAccessTrip: (tripId, userId) => canAccessTrip(tripId, userId),
+    // Two users "share a trip" when both are owner-or-member of the same trip.
+    canSeeUser: (actingUserId, targetUserId) =>
+      !!db
+        .prepare(
+          `SELECT 1 FROM trips t
+             LEFT JOIN trip_members m1 ON m1.trip_id = t.id AND m1.user_id = ?
+             LEFT JOIN trip_members m2 ON m2.trip_id = t.id AND m2.user_id = ?
+            WHERE (t.user_id = ? OR m1.user_id IS NOT NULL)
+              AND (t.user_id = ? OR m2.user_id IS NOT NULL)
+            LIMIT 1`,
+        )
+        .get(actingUserId, targetUserId, actingUserId, targetUserId),
     broadcastToTrip: (tripId, event, payload) => broadcast(tripId, `plugin:${id}:${event}`, payload),
     broadcastToUser: (userId, payload) => broadcastToUser(userId, { type: `plugin:${id}`, ...payload }),
     audit: (entry) => appendAudit(db, entry),
diff --git a/server/src/nest/plugins/host/plugin-data.service.ts b/server/src/nest/plugins/host/plugin-data.service.ts
index 878ea1a10..1d96ba392 100644
--- a/server/src/nest/plugins/host/plugin-data.service.ts
+++ b/server/src/nest/plugins/host/plugin-data.service.ts
@@ -17,6 +17,14 @@ import { pluginDataDir, pluginDbFile } from '../paths';
 
 const MAX_SQL_LENGTH = 100_000;
 const FORBIDDEN = /\b(ATTACH|DETACH|VACUUM|PRAGMA)\b/i;
+// Per-plugin on-disk quota. better-sqlite3 is synchronous and runs in the HOST
+// process, so an unbounded plugin DB is both a disk-exhaustion DoS on the shared
+// trek.db volume and (via a huge scan) an event-loop stall. max_page_count caps
+// the file (writes past it fail SQLITE_FULL, contained to the plugin) and bounds
+// the worst-case scan cost. Result sets are additionally row-capped below so a
+// recursive CTE / cartesian product can't materialize an unbounded array.
+const QUOTA_BYTES = 256 * 1024 * 1024;
+const MAX_ROWS = 100_000;
 
 export class PluginDataDb {
   private db: Db;
@@ -26,6 +34,9 @@ export class PluginDataDb {
     this.db = new Database(pluginDbFile(pluginId));
     this.db.pragma('journal_mode = WAL');
     this.db.pragma('foreign_keys = ON');
+    // Cap the file size (per-connection; not persisted, so set on every open).
+    const pageSize = Number(this.db.pragma('page_size', { simple: true })) || 4096;
+    this.db.pragma(`max_page_count = ${Math.max(1, Math.floor(QUOTA_BYTES / pageSize))}`);
     // Track applied migrations so db.migrate is idempotent per (plugin, id).
     this.db.exec(
       `CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS _plugin_migrations (id TEXT PRIMARY KEY, applied_at INTEGER)`,
@@ -38,10 +49,17 @@ export class PluginDataDb {
     if (FORBIDDEN.test(sql)) throw new Error('statement type not allowed for plugin databases');
   }
 
-  /** Read query — returns all rows. Single statement only (better-sqlite3 prepare). */
+  /** Read query — returns rows up to MAX_ROWS. Single statement only. */
   query(sql: string, args: unknown[] = []): unknown[] {
     this.guard(sql);
-    return this.db.prepare(sql).all(...(args as never[]));
+    // iterate() pulls one row at a time, so a recursive CTE that would yield
+    // unboundedly is halted at the cap instead of materializing via all().
+    const rows: unknown[] = [];
+    for (const row of this.db.prepare(sql).iterate(...(args as never[]))) {
+      rows.push(row);
+      if (rows.length > MAX_ROWS) throw new Error(`query returned more than ${MAX_ROWS} rows`);
+    }
+    return rows;
   }
 
   /** Write statement(s). exec() allows multiple statements (e.g. a small setup script). */
diff --git a/server/src/nest/plugins/host/rpc-host.ts b/server/src/nest/plugins/host/rpc-host.ts
index ef9978516..ae02b6912 100644
--- a/server/src/nest/plugins/host/rpc-host.ts
+++ b/server/src/nest/plugins/host/rpc-host.ts
@@ -36,6 +36,8 @@ export interface HostDeps {
   db: CoreDb;
   /** Returns the trip row if the user may access it, else undefined. */
   canAccessTrip(tripId: number, userId: number): unknown;
+  /** True if the target user is the acting user or co-members a trip with them. */
+  canSeeUser(actingUserId: number, targetUserId: number): boolean;
   /** Namespaced trip broadcast (host forces the plugin:{id}:{event} event type). */
   broadcastToTrip(tripId: number, eventType: string, payload: Record<string, unknown>): void;
   /** Namespaced per-user broadcast. */
@@ -86,22 +88,37 @@ export class PluginRpcHost {
     }
 
     if (has('db:read:users')) {
-      this.methods.set('users.getById', (p) =>
-        deps.db
-          .prepare('SELECT id, username, display_name, avatar FROM users WHERE id = ?')
-          .get(num(p.id, 'id')),
-      );
+      // Scope to people the acting user can actually see (self or a trip they
+      // share) so a plugin can't enumerate every account's profile by looping ids.
+      this.methods.set('users.getById', (p, uid) => {
+        const id = num(p.id, 'id');
+        if (uid === undefined) throw new ForbiddenResource('user reads require an authenticated user context');
+        if (id !== uid && !this.deps.canSeeUser(uid, id)) throw new ForbiddenResource(`no access to user ${id}`);
+        return deps.db.prepare('SELECT id, username, display_name, avatar FROM users WHERE id = ?').get(id);
+      });
     }
 
     if (has('ws:broadcast:trip')) {
-      this.methods.set('ws.broadcastToTrip', (p) => {
-        deps.broadcastToTrip(num(p.tripId, 'tripId'), str(p.event, 'event'), asPayload(p.data));
+      // Gate the TARGET the same way reads are gated: a plugin may only push to a
+      // trip room the acting user is a member of — never an arbitrary/other-tenant
+      // trip. (Event-type namespacing alone doesn't cross the membership boundary.)
+      this.methods.set('ws.broadcastToTrip', (p, uid) => {
+        const tripId = num(p.tripId, 'tripId');
+        if (uid === undefined) throw new ForbiddenResource('broadcasts require an authenticated user context');
+        if (!this.deps.canAccessTrip(tripId, uid)) throw new ForbiddenResource(`no access to trip ${tripId}`);
+        deps.broadcastToTrip(tripId, str(p.event, 'event'), asPayload(p.data));
         return { ok: true };
       });
     }
     if (has('ws:broadcast:user')) {
-      this.methods.set('ws.broadcastToUser', (p) => {
-        deps.broadcastToUser(num(p.userId, 'userId'), { event: str(p.event, 'event'), ...asPayload(p.data) });
+      // Restrict to the acting user's own connections — a plugin may not push to
+      // an arbitrary user it has no relationship to.
+      this.methods.set('ws.broadcastToUser', (p, uid) => {
+        const userId = num(p.userId, 'userId');
+        if (uid === undefined || userId !== uid) {
+          throw new ForbiddenResource('a plugin may only broadcast to the acting user');
+        }
+        deps.broadcastToUser(userId, { event: str(p.event, 'event'), ...asPayload(p.data) });
         return { ok: true };
       });
     }
diff --git a/server/src/nest/plugins/install/manifest.ts b/server/src/nest/plugins/install/manifest.ts
index 18732fd98..0def2a633 100644
--- a/server/src/nest/plugins/install/manifest.ts
+++ b/server/src/nest/plugins/install/manifest.ts
@@ -51,6 +51,11 @@ export interface PluginManifest {
 }
 
 const ID_RE = /^[a-z][a-z0-9-]{2,39}$/;
+// An outbound host: an exact FQDN or a `*.`-prefixed wildcard, always with a real
+// multi-label suffix. Rejects `*`, `*.`, whole-TLD `*.com`, schemes, and any
+// embedded space — all of which would otherwise widen egress or inject a CSP
+// source token when the host is interpolated into connect-src.
+const HOST_RE = /^(\*\.)?([a-z0-9-]+\.)+[a-z0-9-]+$/i;
 // Static path segments under /api/admin/plugins — a plugin id must never shadow them
 // (id "registry" would collide with GET registry/:id vs :id/errors routing).
 const RESERVED_IDS = new Set(['registry', 'install', 'rescan']);
@@ -77,11 +82,21 @@ export function parseManifest(raw: unknown): PluginManifest {
   const unknown = permissions.filter((p) => !isKnownPermission(p));
   if (unknown.length) throw new ManifestError(`unknown permission(s): ${unknown.join(', ')}`);
 
+  // Validate the host portion of every per-host outbound permission: this is the
+  // string the runtime egress guard AND the iframe CSP connect-src are built from.
+  const badOutbound = permissions
+    .filter((p) => p.startsWith('http:outbound:'))
+    .map((p) => p.slice('http:outbound:'.length))
+    .find((h) => !HOST_RE.test(h));
+  if (badOutbound !== undefined) throw new ManifestError(`invalid http:outbound host "${badOutbound}"`);
+
   const egress = arr(m.egress).map(String);
   if (permissions.some((p) => p === 'http:outbound' || p.startsWith('http:outbound:')) && egress.length === 0) {
     throw new ManifestError('http:outbound declared but egress[] is empty');
   }
   if (egress.includes('*')) throw new ManifestError('egress[] must not contain a bare "*"');
+  const badEgress = egress.find((h) => !HOST_RE.test(h));
+  if (badEgress !== undefined) throw new ManifestError(`invalid egress host "${badEgress}"`);
 
   const trek = optStr(m.trek);
   return {
diff --git a/server/src/nest/plugins/install/native-scan.ts b/server/src/nest/plugins/install/native-scan.ts
index aaa24cd61..00d964fba 100644
--- a/server/src/nest/plugins/install/native-scan.ts
+++ b/server/src/nest/plugins/install/native-scan.ts
@@ -21,7 +21,9 @@ export function scanForNativeBinaries(dir: string): string[] {
       return;
     }
     for (const e of entries) {
-      if (++seen > MAX_ENTRIES) return;
+      // Never silently stop scanning — an artifact padded past the cap must be
+      // rejected, not passed clean (it could hide a .node past the limit).
+      if (++seen > MAX_ENTRIES) throw new Error('artifact has too many files to scan for native binaries');
       const childRel = rel ? `${rel}/${e.name}` : e.name;
       if (e.isSymbolicLink()) continue; // never follow symlinks
       if (e.isDirectory()) {
diff --git a/server/src/nest/plugins/install/safe-extract.ts b/server/src/nest/plugins/install/safe-extract.ts
index f976a7be4..568f1f79b 100644
--- a/server/src/nest/plugins/install/safe-extract.ts
+++ b/server/src/nest/plugins/install/safe-extract.ts
@@ -47,7 +47,7 @@ export function extractArchive(buf: Buffer, dest: string, limits: ExtractLimits
   const lim = { ...DEFAULTS, ...limits };
   const isGzip = buf[0] === 0x1f && buf[1] === 0x8b;
   const isZip = buf[0] === 0x50 && buf[1] === 0x4b;
-  const members = isGzip ? readTarGz(buf) : isZip ? readZip(buf) : null;
+  const members = isGzip ? readTarGz(buf, lim) : isZip ? readZip(buf, lim) : null;
   if (!members) throw new ExtractError('unsupported archive format (expected .tar.gz or .zip)');
 
   let total = 0;
@@ -72,8 +72,8 @@ export function extractArchive(buf: Buffer, dest: string, limits: ExtractLimits
 }
 
 // ── minimal tar.gz reader ────────────────────────────────────────────────────
-function readTarGz(buf: Buffer): Member[] {
-  const tar = zlib.gunzipSync(buf, { maxOutputLength: DEFAULTS.maxTotalBytes + 1024 * 1024 });
+function readTarGz(buf: Buffer, lim: Required<ExtractLimits>): Member[] {
+  const tar = zlib.gunzipSync(buf, { maxOutputLength: lim.maxTotalBytes + 1024 * 1024 });
   const members: Member[] = [];
   let off = 0;
   while (off + 512 <= tar.length) {
@@ -96,7 +96,7 @@ function readTarGz(buf: Buffer): Member[] {
 }
 
 // ── minimal ZIP reader (central directory) ───────────────────────────────────
-function readZip(buf: Buffer): Member[] {
+function readZip(buf: Buffer, lim: Required<ExtractLimits>): Member[] {
   // Find End Of Central Directory.
   let eocd = -1;
   for (let i = buf.length - 22; i >= 0 && i > buf.length - 22 - 65536; i--) {
@@ -104,8 +104,14 @@ function readZip(buf: Buffer): Member[] {
   }
   if (eocd < 0) throw new ExtractError('invalid zip (no EOCD)');
   const count = buf.readUInt16LE(eocd + 10);
+  // Bound the entry count from the EOCD (up to 65535) BEFORE inflating anything.
+  if (count > lim.maxEntries) throw new ExtractError('too many entries');
   let p = buf.readUInt32LE(eocd + 16); // central dir offset
   const members: Member[] = [];
+  // Enforce the cumulative uncompressed budget AS WE GO, so a decompression bomb
+  // (many entries each inflating to ~maxFileBytes) can't materialize gigabytes in
+  // memory before the caller's write loop ever runs.
+  let total = 0;
   for (let i = 0; i < count; i++) {
     if (buf.readUInt32LE(p) !== 0x02014b50) throw new ExtractError('invalid zip (central header)');
     const method = buf.readUInt16LE(p + 10);
@@ -128,9 +134,14 @@ function readZip(buf: Buffer): Member[] {
     if (isSymlink) { members.push({ name, type: 'other' }); continue; }
     if (name.endsWith('/')) { members.push({ name, type: 'dir' }); continue; }
     let data: Buffer;
-    if (method === 0) data = Buffer.from(comp);
-    else if (method === 8) data = zlib.inflateRawSync(comp, { maxOutputLength: DEFAULTS.maxFileBytes + 1024 });
-    else throw new ExtractError(`unsupported zip compression method ${method}`);
+    if (method === 0) {
+      if (compSize > lim.maxFileBytes) throw new ExtractError(`file too large: ${name}`);
+      data = Buffer.from(comp);
+    } else if (method === 8) {
+      data = zlib.inflateRawSync(comp, { maxOutputLength: lim.maxFileBytes + 1024 });
+    } else throw new ExtractError(`unsupported zip compression method ${method}`);
+    total += data.length;
+    if (total > lim.maxTotalBytes) throw new ExtractError('archive exceeds size limit');
     members.push({ name, type: 'file', data });
   }
   return members;
diff --git a/server/src/nest/plugins/install/safe-fetch.ts b/server/src/nest/plugins/install/safe-fetch.ts
index 94cd76f51..f3f93952d 100644
--- a/server/src/nest/plugins/install/safe-fetch.ts
+++ b/server/src/nest/plugins/install/safe-fetch.ts
@@ -1,5 +1,6 @@
 import { createHash } from 'node:crypto';
 import dns from 'node:dns/promises';
+import { isBlockedIp } from '../runtime/egress-policy';
 
 /**
  * SSRF-hardened download for the plugin installer (#plugins, M4). The primary
@@ -27,20 +28,9 @@ function isAllowedHost(hostname: string): boolean {
 }
 
 export function isPrivateIp(ip: string): boolean {
-  const v4 = ip.match(/^(\d+)\.(\d+)\.(\d+)\.(\d+)$/);
-  if (v4) {
-    const [a, b] = [Number(v4[1]), Number(v4[2])];
-    return (
-      a === 10 ||
-      a === 127 ||
-      (a === 172 && b >= 16 && b <= 31) ||
-      (a === 192 && b === 168) ||
-      (a === 169 && b === 254) ||
-      a === 0
-    );
-  }
-  const v6 = ip.toLowerCase();
-  return v6 === '::1' || v6.startsWith('fc') || v6.startsWith('fd') || v6.startsWith('fe80') || v6.startsWith('::ffff:127.');
+  // Reuse the egress guard's canonicalizing check so non-canonical IPv6 forms
+  // (hex IPv4-mapped, compressed) and CGNAT/multicast are all covered here too.
+  return isBlockedIp(ip);
 }
 
 async function assertSafeHost(urlStr: string): Promise<void> {
@@ -73,13 +63,38 @@ export async function safeDownload(urlStr: string, maxBytes = MAX_BYTES): Promis
     if (!resp.ok) throw new DownloadError(`download failed: ${resp.status}`);
     const declared = Number(resp.headers.get('content-length') || 0);
     if (declared && declared > maxBytes) throw new DownloadError('artifact exceeds size limit');
-    const bytes = Buffer.from(await resp.arrayBuffer());
-    if (bytes.length > maxBytes) throw new DownloadError('artifact exceeds size limit');
+    // Stream the body and abort the moment it crosses the cap — a chunked response
+    // (e.g. codeload archives) carries no content-length, so buffering the whole
+    // body first (arrayBuffer) could OOM the server before any post-check fires.
+    const bytes = await readCapped(resp, maxBytes);
     return { bytes, sha256: createHash('sha256').update(bytes).digest('hex') };
   }
   throw new DownloadError('too many redirects');
 }
 
+/** Read a response body into a Buffer, throwing once it exceeds maxBytes. */
+async function readCapped(resp: Response, maxBytes: number): Promise<Buffer> {
+  const reader = resp.body?.getReader();
+  if (!reader) {
+    const b = Buffer.from(await resp.arrayBuffer());
+    if (b.length > maxBytes) throw new DownloadError('artifact exceeds size limit');
+    return b;
+  }
+  const chunks: Buffer[] = [];
+  let received = 0;
+  for (;;) {
+    const { done, value } = await reader.read();
+    if (done) break;
+    received += value.length;
+    if (received > maxBytes) {
+      await reader.cancel().catch(() => {});
+      throw new DownloadError('artifact exceeds size limit');
+    }
+    chunks.push(Buffer.from(value));
+  }
+  return Buffer.concat(chunks);
+}
+
 /** Constant-time compare of two hex digests. */
 export function sha256Matches(actual: string, expected: string): boolean {
   if (actual.length !== expected.length) return false;
diff --git a/server/src/nest/plugins/plugin-frame.controller.ts b/server/src/nest/plugins/plugin-frame.controller.ts
index ece55d98a..122cee3c1 100644
--- a/server/src/nest/plugins/plugin-frame.controller.ts
+++ b/server/src/nest/plugins/plugin-frame.controller.ts
@@ -67,8 +67,13 @@ export class PluginFrameController {
 
   /** Per-plugin, locked-down CSP for the sandboxed frame document. */
   private frameCsp(pluginId: string): string {
-    const outbound = this.runtime.outboundHostsOf(pluginId);
-    const connect = ["'self'", ...outbound.map((h) => (h.includes('://') ? h : `https://${h}`))].join(' ');
+    // Defense in depth: the manifest validator already constrains these hosts, but
+    // never interpolate anything that isn't a clean host/wildcard into connect-src
+    // (a stray space or `*` would inject an extra CSP source token).
+    const outbound = this.runtime
+      .outboundHostsOf(pluginId)
+      .filter((h) => /^(\*\.)?[a-z0-9-]+(\.[a-z0-9-]+)+$/i.test(h));
+    const connect = ["'self'", ...outbound.map((h) => `https://${h}`)].join(' ');
     return [
       "default-src 'none'",
       // The frame runs at an OPAQUE origin (sandbox without allow-same-origin),
diff --git a/server/src/nest/plugins/plugin-runtime.service.ts b/server/src/nest/plugins/plugin-runtime.service.ts
index ce5c1d8d9..6aa010a75 100644
--- a/server/src/nest/plugins/plugin-runtime.service.ts
+++ b/server/src/nest/plugins/plugin-runtime.service.ts
@@ -13,6 +13,13 @@ import { PluginRegistryService } from './registry/registry.service';
 
 const HTTP_OUTBOUND = 'http:outbound:';
 
+/** Thrown when (re-)activating would grant permissions the admin hasn't consented to. */
+export class PluginConsentRequired extends Error {
+  constructor(message: string, readonly newPermissions: string[] = [], readonly newEgress: string[] = []) {
+    super(message);
+  }
+}
+
 /**
  * Owns the isolated-plugin runtime lifecycle inside NestJS (#plugins, M2).
  * Bridges the DB registry (`plugins` rows) to the process supervisor: activate
@@ -79,16 +86,30 @@ export class PluginRuntimeService implements OnModuleInit, OnModuleDestroy {
     await this.supervisor.shutdownAll();
   }
 
-  /** Spawn a plugin from its DB row (granted permissions + decrypted config). */
-  async activate(id: string): Promise<void> {
+  /**
+   * Spawn a plugin from its DB row (granted permissions + decrypted config).
+   *
+   * A plain activate may NEVER widen what the admin already consented to — that is
+   * what stops a plugin left off pending an update's re-consent from silently
+   * gaining the new rights via the row's enable toggle. The FIRST activation of a
+   * freshly-installed plugin (no prior grant) is itself the consent for its
+   * declared set; widening an already-consented set requires `consentWiden` (the
+   * update consent dialog), and otherwise throws PluginConsentRequired.
+   */
+  async activate(id: string, consentWiden = false): Promise<void> {
     const row = db.prepare('SELECT id, status, permissions, granted_permissions, config FROM plugins WHERE id = ?').get(id) as
       | PluginRow
       | undefined;
     if (!row) throw new Error(`plugin ${id} not found`);
 
-    // Activating IS the consent gate: grant the plugin's DECLARED permissions
-    // (the admin reviewed them on the consent screen), persist, then spawn.
     const declared = parseArray(row.permissions).filter(isKnownPermission);
+    const granted = parseArray(row.granted_permissions);
+    const newGrants = declared.filter((p) => !granted.includes(p));
+    if (granted.length > 0 && newGrants.length > 0 && !consentWiden) {
+      const newEgress = newGrants.filter((p) => p.startsWith(HTTP_OUTBOUND)).map((p) => p.slice(HTTP_OUTBOUND.length)).filter(Boolean);
+      const newPermissions = newGrants.filter((p) => !p.startsWith(HTTP_OUTBOUND));
+      throw new PluginConsentRequired(`plugin ${id} requests new permissions; explicit re-consent is required`, newPermissions, newEgress);
+    }
     // Mark it enabled (admin intent) so it reboots after restarts/crashes.
     db.prepare('UPDATE plugins SET granted_permissions = ?, enabled = 1 WHERE id = ?').run(JSON.stringify(declared), id);
     const config = decryptConfig(parseObject(row.config));
diff --git a/server/src/nest/plugins/plugins-proxy.controller.ts b/server/src/nest/plugins/plugins-proxy.controller.ts
index fb1aa83d5..70baddbbb 100644
--- a/server/src/nest/plugins/plugins-proxy.controller.ts
+++ b/server/src/nest/plugins/plugins-proxy.controller.ts
@@ -14,7 +14,13 @@ import { PluginRuntimeService } from './plugin-runtime.service';
  * isolated child over RPC. The plugin never sees raw headers or the session
  * cookie, so it cannot replay the user's credentials.
  */
-const SAFE_RESPONSE_HEADERS = new Set(['content-type', 'cache-control', 'content-disposition', 'location']);
+// A plugin fully controls the reply's content-type + body, and this route is on
+// TREK's REAL origin, so we must never let the browser RENDER it as a document
+// (that would run plugin script at our origin, outside the iframe sandbox) nor
+// follow a plugin-chosen redirect. `location` / `content-disposition` are NOT
+// passthrough; every reply is forced to nosniff + attachment below. fetch-based
+// consumers (the plugin's own client) are unaffected — fetch ignores both.
+const SAFE_RESPONSE_HEADERS = new Set(['content-type', 'cache-control']);
 
 @Controller('api/plugins/:pluginId')
 export class PluginsProxyController {
@@ -66,10 +72,17 @@ export class PluginsProxyController {
         user?.id,
       )) as { status?: number; headers?: Record<string, string>; body?: unknown };
 
-      res.status(reply?.status ?? 200);
+      // A plugin may not choose a 3xx (open redirect via the reflected Location);
+      // clamp the status to a non-redirect range.
+      const status = reply?.status ?? 200;
+      res.status(status >= 300 && status < 400 ? 502 : status);
       for (const [k, v] of Object.entries(reply?.headers ?? {})) {
         if (SAFE_RESPONSE_HEADERS.has(k.toLowerCase())) res.setHeader(k, v);
       }
+      // Neutralize the "render plugin HTML at TREK's origin" sandbox-escape: never
+      // let the response be treated as a document, and never MIME-sniff it.
+      res.setHeader('X-Content-Type-Options', 'nosniff');
+      res.setHeader('Content-Disposition', 'attachment');
       res.send(reply?.body ?? '');
     } catch (e) {
       res.status(502).json({ error: 'Plugin error', detail: e instanceof Error ? e.message : 'unknown' });
diff --git a/server/src/nest/plugins/plugins.controller.ts b/server/src/nest/plugins/plugins.controller.ts
index 080be77d1..d61fc991e 100644
--- a/server/src/nest/plugins/plugins.controller.ts
+++ b/server/src/nest/plugins/plugins.controller.ts
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 import { Body, Controller, Delete, Get, HttpCode, HttpException, Param, Post, Put, UseGuards } from '@nestjs/common';
 import { PluginsService } from './plugins.service';
-import { PluginRuntimeService } from './plugin-runtime.service';
+import { PluginRuntimeService, PluginConsentRequired } from './plugin-runtime.service';
 import { PluginRegistryService } from './registry/registry.service';
 import { JwtAuthGuard } from '../auth/jwt-auth.guard';
 import { AdminGuard } from '../auth/admin.guard';
@@ -66,11 +66,16 @@ export class PluginsController {
 
   @Post(':id/activate')
   @HttpCode(200)
-  async activate(@Param('id') id: string) {
+  async activate(@Param('id') id: string, @Body() body: { consent?: boolean } = {}) {
     if (!pluginsEnabled()) throw new HttpException({ error: 'Plugins are disabled by server configuration' }, 503);
     try {
-      await this.runtime.activate(id);
+      await this.runtime.activate(id, !!body?.consent);
     } catch (e) {
+      // Re-enabling a plugin whose update widened its permissions must NOT grant
+      // them silently — surface a distinct code so the UI opens the consent dialog.
+      if (e instanceof PluginConsentRequired) {
+        throw new HttpException({ error: e.message, code: 'CONSENT_REQUIRED', newPermissions: e.newPermissions, newEgress: e.newEgress }, 409);
+      }
       throw new HttpException({ error: e instanceof Error ? e.message : 'activation failed' }, 400);
     }
     return { status: this.runtime.isActive(id) ? 'active' : 'error' };
diff --git a/server/src/nest/plugins/runtime/egress-policy.ts b/server/src/nest/plugins/runtime/egress-policy.ts
index db5d7e3c8..d37ea4fc2 100644
--- a/server/src/nest/plugins/runtime/egress-policy.ts
+++ b/server/src/nest/plugins/runtime/egress-policy.ts
@@ -29,19 +29,52 @@ export function isBlockedIp(ip: string): boolean {
       a >= 224 // multicast + reserved
     );
   }
-  const h = ip.toLowerCase().replace(/^\[/, '').replace(/\]$/, '');
-  if (h === '::' || h === '::1' || h === '0:0:0:0:0:0:0:0' || h === '0:0:0:0:0:0:0:1') return true;
-  if (h.startsWith('fe80') || h.startsWith('fc') || h.startsWith('fd')) return true; // link-local + ULA
-  const mapped = h.match(/^::ffff:(\d+\.\d+\.\d+\.\d+)$/);
-  if (mapped) return isBlockedIp(mapped[1]);
+  // IPv6: expand to 8 hextets so EVERY spelling is checked (compressed `::`,
+  // hex IPv4-mapped `::ffff:a9fe:a9fe`, dotted `::ffff:169.254.169.254`, `0::1`).
+  const g = expandV6(ip.replace(/^\[/, '').replace(/\]$/, ''));
+  if (g) {
+    if (g.every((x) => x === 0)) return true; // ::  (unspecified)
+    // IPv4-mapped (::ffff:x) and IPv4-compatible (::x) → check the embedded IPv4.
+    if (g.slice(0, 5).every((x) => x === 0) && (g[5] === 0xffff || g[5] === 0)) {
+      return isBlockedIp(`${g[6] >> 8}.${g[6] & 0xff}.${g[7] >> 8}.${g[7] & 0xff}`);
+    }
+    if ((g[0] & 0xffc0) === 0xfe80) return true; // fe80::/10 link-local
+    if ((g[0] & 0xfe00) === 0xfc00) return true; // fc00::/7 ULA
+  }
   return false;
 }
 
+/** Expand an IPv6 literal into its 8 numeric hextets, or null if not a valid IPv6. */
+function expandV6(ip: string): number[] | null {
+  let h = ip.toLowerCase().replace(/%.*$/, '');
+  if (!h.includes(':')) return null;
+  const dotted = h.match(/^(.*:)(\d{1,3}\.\d{1,3}\.\d{1,3}\.\d{1,3})$/);
+  if (dotted) {
+    const v4 = dotted[2].split('.').map(Number);
+    if (v4.some((n) => n > 255)) return null;
+    h = dotted[1] + ((v4[0] << 8) | v4[1]).toString(16) + ':' + ((v4[2] << 8) | v4[3]).toString(16);
+  }
+  const halves = h.split('::');
+  if (halves.length > 2) return null;
+  const head = halves[0] ? halves[0].split(':') : [];
+  const tail = halves.length === 2 && halves[1] ? halves[1].split(':') : [];
+  const groups =
+    halves.length === 2 ? [...head, ...Array(8 - head.length - tail.length).fill('0'), ...tail] : head;
+  if (groups.length !== 8) return null;
+  const nums = groups.map((x) => (x === '' ? NaN : parseInt(x, 16)));
+  return nums.some((n) => !Number.isInteger(n) || n < 0 || n > 0xffff) ? null : nums;
+}
+
 /** Build a declared-egress host matcher (exact host or `*.suffix` wildcard). */
 export function makeHostAllow(egress: string[]): (host: string) => boolean {
-  const patterns = egress.map((h) => h.trim().toLowerCase()).filter(Boolean);
+  const patterns = egress
+    .map((h) => h.trim().toLowerCase().replace(/\.$/, '')) // drop a trailing dot (FQDN trick)
+    .filter((p) => p && p !== '*')
+    // A wildcard must have a real multi-label suffix — reject the degenerate
+    // `*.` (matched any trailing-dot host = allow-all) and whole-TLD `*.com`.
+    .filter((p) => !p.startsWith('*.') || p.slice(2).includes('.'));
   return (host: string) => {
-    const h = host.toLowerCase();
+    const h = host.toLowerCase().replace(/\.$/, '');
     return patterns.some((p) => (p.startsWith('*.') ? h === p.slice(2) || h.endsWith(p.slice(1)) : h === p));
   };
 }
diff --git a/server/src/nest/plugins/runtime/plugin-host-entry.ts b/server/src/nest/plugins/runtime/plugin-host-entry.ts
index 1d6cbf9e2..ed285e855 100644
--- a/server/src/nest/plugins/runtime/plugin-host-entry.ts
+++ b/server/src/nest/plugins/runtime/plugin-host-entry.ts
@@ -174,6 +174,20 @@ function installEgressGuard(egress: string[]): void {
   const allowed = makeHostAllow(egress);
   const blockPrivate = (process.env.TREK_PLUGIN_ALLOW_PRIVATE_EGRESS ?? '').toLowerCase() !== 'on';
 
+  // The wrappers below are the ONLY egress choke point (the OS --permission model
+  // does not restrict the network). Deny the low-level escape hatch a plugin could
+  // use to build a raw socket handle BELOW those wrappers. node:net/dns/dgram/http
+  // are already imported above, so they keep their captured bindings; only fresh
+  // access via process.binding is cut off.
+  for (const name of ['binding', '_linkedBinding'] as const) {
+    try {
+      Object.defineProperty(process, name, {
+        value: () => { throw new Error(`egress: process.${name} is disabled for plugins`); },
+        writable: false, configurable: false,
+      });
+    } catch { /* already locked / non-configurable */ }
+  }
+
   const realFetch = globalThis.fetch;
   if (typeof realFetch === 'function') {
     globalThis.fetch = ((input: unknown, init?: unknown) => {
@@ -261,6 +275,25 @@ function installEgressGuard(egress: string[]): void {
     guardDatagram(dgramConnectTarget(args));
     return realDgramConnect.apply(this, args);
   };
+  // A dgram HOSTNAME target is resolved via the socket's `lookup` before the packet
+  // is sent; force the IP-vetting guardedLookup so a declared name that resolves to
+  // a private/metadata address is refused (the TCP path's rebind backstop, for UDP).
+  const dgramApi = dgram as unknown as { createSocket: (...a: unknown[]) => unknown };
+  const realCreateSocket = dgramApi.createSocket;
+  dgramApi.createSocket = function (this: unknown, ...args: unknown[]): unknown {
+    const first = args[0];
+    if (first && typeof first === 'object') (first as { lookup?: unknown }).lookup = guardedLookup;
+    else if (typeof first === 'string') args[0] = { type: first, lookup: guardedLookup };
+    return realCreateSocket.apply(this, args);
+  };
+
+  // Lock the wrapped choke points so a plugin can't restore the originals.
+  const lock = (obj: object, key: string, value: unknown) => {
+    try { Object.defineProperty(obj, key, { value, writable: false, configurable: false }); } catch { /* noop */ }
+  };
+  lock(proto, 'connect', proto.connect);
+  lock(dgramProto, 'send', dgramProto.send);
+  lock(dgramProto, 'connect', dgramProto.connect);
 
   // Gate the dns resolver family: a forward lookup for an undeclared name is a
   // DNS-tunnel exfiltration channel even when no socket is ever opened. The name
diff --git a/server/src/nest/plugins/supervisor/plugin-supervisor.ts b/server/src/nest/plugins/supervisor/plugin-supervisor.ts
index 524852c8b..5fedb58b4 100644
--- a/server/src/nest/plugins/supervisor/plugin-supervisor.ts
+++ b/server/src/nest/plugins/supervisor/plugin-supervisor.ts
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+import fs from 'node:fs';
 import { randomUUID } from 'node:crypto';
 import { fork, type ChildProcess } from 'node:child_process';
 import { resolveChildEntry, pluginCodeDir, pluginRealCodeDir, pluginPermissionArgs, ensurePluginModuleType } from '../paths';
@@ -51,6 +52,7 @@ interface Supervised {
   pending: Map<string, Pending>; // host→child invokes awaiting a response
   invocations: Map<string, number | undefined>; // reqId -> acting user of that invoke (undefined = no user, e.g. a job)
   activation?: { resolve: () => void; reject: (e: Error) => void };
+  activationTimer?: ReturnType<typeof setTimeout>; // deadline for the plugin to reach 'active'
 }
 
 export interface SupervisorTuning {
@@ -60,6 +62,7 @@ export interface SupervisorTuning {
   backoffCapMs?: number;
   killGraceMs?: number;
   maxRssBytes?: number;
+  activationTimeoutMs?: number;
 }
 
 const DEFAULTS: Required<SupervisorTuning> = {
@@ -68,6 +71,9 @@ const DEFAULTS: Required<SupervisorTuning> = {
   crashLimit: 5,
   backoffCapMs: 30_000,
   killGraceMs: 3000,
+  // A plugin that never reaches 'loaded' (e.g. a synchronous infinite loop in
+  // onLoad) must not hang the admin's activate() forever nor peg a core unreaped.
+  activationTimeoutMs: 30_000,
   // Hard RSS ceiling — the real memory cap. --max-old-space-size only bounds the
   // V8 heap; Buffers/ArrayBuffers/native allocations sail past it, so a plugin
   // could OOM the box while staying "under" the heap limit. Overridable via env.
@@ -110,15 +116,36 @@ export class PluginSupervisor {
     this.ensureSweep();
     return new Promise<void>((resolve, reject) => {
       sup.activation = { resolve, reject };
+      // Deadline: if the plugin never reports 'loaded' (stuck onLoad), reject the
+      // activation and kill the child rather than hanging + leaking a busy core.
+      sup.activationTimer = setTimeout(() => {
+        if (sup.status === 'active') return;
+        this.hooks.onLog?.(sup.id, 'error', 'activation timed out; killing');
+        this.setStatus(sup, 'error', 'activation timed out');
+        sup.activation?.reject(new Error('plugin did not finish loading in time'));
+        sup.activation = undefined;
+        this.running.delete(sup.id);
+        void this.kill(sup);
+        sup.rpcHost.dispose();
+      }, this.tuning.activationTimeoutMs);
+      sup.activationTimer.unref?.();
       this.spawn(sup);
     });
   }
 
+  private clearActivationTimer(sup: Supervised): void {
+    if (sup.activationTimer) {
+      clearTimeout(sup.activationTimer);
+      sup.activationTimer = undefined;
+    }
+  }
+
   /** Stop a plugin: ask it to unload, then kill. Idempotent. */
   async disable(id: string): Promise<void> {
     const sup = this.running.get(id);
     if (!sup) return;
     this.running.delete(id);
+    this.clearActivationTimer(sup);
     this.setStatus(sup, 'stopped');
     await this.kill(sup);
     sup.rpcHost.dispose();
@@ -254,6 +281,7 @@ export class PluginSupervisor {
           const d = msg.data as { routes?: PluginRouteInfo[]; jobs?: string[] };
           sup.routes = d.routes ?? [];
           sup.jobs = d.jobs ?? [];
+          this.clearActivationTimer(sup);
           this.setStatus(sup, 'active');
           sup.activation?.resolve();
           sup.activation = undefined;
@@ -261,6 +289,7 @@ export class PluginSupervisor {
         }
         case 'load-error': {
           const message = (msg.data as { message?: string })?.message || 'plugin load failed';
+          this.clearActivationTimer(sup);
           this.setStatus(sup, 'error', message);
           sup.activation?.reject(new Error(message));
           sup.activation = undefined;
@@ -299,6 +328,7 @@ export class PluginSupervisor {
     sup.crashes.push(Date.now());
     const recent = sup.crashes.filter((t) => t > Date.now() - this.tuning.crashWindowMs);
     if (recent.length >= this.tuning.crashLimit) {
+      this.clearActivationTimer(sup);
       this.setStatus(sup, 'error', `auto-disabled after ${recent.length} crashes`);
       sup.activation?.reject(new Error('plugin crashed repeatedly'));
       sup.activation = undefined;
@@ -327,20 +357,40 @@ export class PluginSupervisor {
   reapStale(now = Date.now()): void {
     for (const sup of this.running.values()) {
       if (sup.status !== 'active') continue;
+      const rss = this.childRss(sup);
       if (now - sup.lastBeat > this.tuning.heartbeatTimeoutMs) {
         this.hooks.onLog?.(sup.id, 'warn', 'missed heartbeats; killing');
         sup.child?.kill('SIGKILL');
-      } else if (sup.lastRss > this.tuning.maxRssBytes) {
+      } else if (rss > this.tuning.maxRssBytes) {
         this.hooks.onLog?.(
           sup.id,
           'warn',
-          `exceeded memory ceiling (${Math.round(sup.lastRss / 1048576)}MB > ${Math.round(this.tuning.maxRssBytes / 1048576)}MB); killing`,
+          `exceeded memory ceiling (${Math.round(rss / 1048576)}MB > ${Math.round(this.tuning.maxRssBytes / 1048576)}MB); killing`,
         );
         sup.child?.kill('SIGKILL');
       }
     }
   }
 
+  /**
+   * Resident memory of the child, measured HOST-side from the OS — never trusting
+   * the child's self-reported heartbeat rss (a malicious plugin can spoof it).
+   * On Linux (prod runs in a Linux container) this reads /proc/<pid>/statm; where
+   * that isn't available (dev on win/mac) it falls back to the reported value.
+   */
+  private childRss(sup: Supervised): number {
+    const pid = sup.child?.pid;
+    if (pid) {
+      try {
+        const resident = Number(fs.readFileSync(`/proc/${pid}/statm`, 'utf8').split(' ')[1]);
+        if (Number.isFinite(resident)) return resident * 4096; // pages → bytes
+      } catch {
+        /* not Linux / process gone — fall back */
+      }
+    }
+    return sup.lastRss;
+  }
+
   private async kill(sup: Supervised): Promise<void> {
     const child = sup.child;
     if (!child) return;
diff --git a/server/tests/unit/plugins/create-rpc-host.test.ts b/server/tests/unit/plugins/create-rpc-host.test.ts
index 0a62f4ab7..1a032cc0e 100644
--- a/server/tests/unit/plugins/create-rpc-host.test.ts
+++ b/server/tests/unit/plugins/create-rpc-host.test.ts
@@ -41,12 +41,14 @@ describe('create-rpc-host wiring', () => {
     const migrated = await host.dispatch({ k: 'req', id: '1', method: 'db.migrate', params: { id: '001', sql: 'CREATE TABLE t (v TEXT)' } });
     expect(migrated.ok).toBe(true);
 
-    await host.dispatch({ k: 'req', id: '2', method: 'ws.broadcastToTrip', params: { tripId: 1, event: 'ping', data: { a: 1 } } });
+    // acting user 5 is a member of trip 1 (mocked canAccessTrip) → broadcast allowed + namespaced
+    await host.dispatch({ k: 'req', id: '2', method: 'ws.broadcastToTrip', params: { tripId: 1, event: 'ping', data: { a: 1 } } }, 5);
     expect(broadcast).toHaveBeenCalledWith(1, 'plugin:wired:ping', { a: 1 });
 
     const bcastUser = createRealRpcHost('wired', new Set(['ws:broadcast:user']));
-    await bcastUser.dispatch({ k: 'req', id: '3', method: 'ws.broadcastToUser', params: { userId: 7, event: 'hi', data: {} } });
-    expect(broadcastToUser).toHaveBeenCalledWith(7, { type: 'plugin:wired', event: 'hi' });
+    // a per-user broadcast may only target the acting user themselves
+    await bcastUser.dispatch({ k: 'req', id: '3', method: 'ws.broadcastToUser', params: { userId: 5, event: 'hi', data: {} } }, 5);
+    expect(broadcastToUser).toHaveBeenCalledWith(5, { type: 'plugin:wired', event: 'hi' });
   });
 
   it('closePluginDataDb closes and drops the cached handle', () => {
diff --git a/server/tests/unit/plugins/egress-policy.test.ts b/server/tests/unit/plugins/egress-policy.test.ts
index 61243d306..4c67865f6 100644
--- a/server/tests/unit/plugins/egress-policy.test.ts
+++ b/server/tests/unit/plugins/egress-policy.test.ts
@@ -16,6 +16,8 @@ describe('isBlockedIp', () => {
     '0.0.0.0', '10.1.2.3', '127.0.0.1', '172.16.0.1', '172.31.255.255',
     '192.168.1.1', '169.254.169.254', '100.64.0.1', '224.0.0.1', '255.255.255.255',
     '::1', '::', 'fe80::1', 'fc00::1', 'fd12:3456::1', '::ffff:127.0.0.1', '::ffff:10.0.0.1',
+    // non-canonical IPv6 spellings must be blocked too (canonicalization)
+    '0::1', '::ffff:a9fe:a9fe', '::ffff:169.254.169.254', '0:0:0:0:0:0:0:1', 'fD00::1', '::ffff:7f00:1',
   ])('blocks %s', (ip) => {
     expect(isBlockedIp(ip)).toBe(true);
   });
@@ -43,6 +45,21 @@ describe('makeHostAllow', () => {
     const allow = makeHostAllow([]);
     expect(allow('anything.com')).toBe(false);
   });
+
+  it('rejects degenerate wildcards that would be allow-all', () => {
+    // `*.` matched any trailing-dot host; `*.com`/`*` are whole-TLD/allow-all.
+    expect(makeHostAllow(['*.'])('evil.com')).toBe(false);
+    expect(makeHostAllow(['*.'])('evil.com.')).toBe(false);
+    expect(makeHostAllow(['*.com'])('evil.com')).toBe(false);
+    expect(makeHostAllow(['*'])('evil.com')).toBe(false);
+  });
+
+  it('normalizes a trailing dot so an FQDN host cannot dodge an exact match', () => {
+    const allow = makeHostAllow(['api.example.com']);
+    expect(allow('api.example.com.')).toBe(true); // trailing-dot FQDN still matches
+    // and the FQDN trick can't turn a real wildcard into allow-all
+    expect(makeHostAllow(['*.example.com'])('sink.attacker.com.')).toBe(false);
+  });
 });
 
 describe('classifyConnect', () => {
diff --git a/server/tests/unit/plugins/manifest.test.ts b/server/tests/unit/plugins/manifest.test.ts
index c9699bd2d..aa58e6e38 100644
--- a/server/tests/unit/plugins/manifest.test.ts
+++ b/server/tests/unit/plugins/manifest.test.ts
@@ -32,6 +32,11 @@ describe('parseManifest', () => {
     expect(m.settings[0]).toMatchObject({ key: 'api_key', secret: true, scope: 'instance' });
   });
 
+  it('accepts a valid exact + wildcard outbound host', () => {
+    const m = parseManifest({ ...base, permissions: ['http:outbound:api.x.com', 'http:outbound:*.example.com'], egress: ['api.x.com', '*.example.com'] });
+    expect(m.permissions).toContain('http:outbound:*.example.com');
+  });
+
   it.each([
     ['Bad-Id', { ...base, id: 'Bad-Id' }, /invalid id/],
     ['reserved id', { ...base, id: 'registry' }, /reserved id/],
@@ -41,6 +46,11 @@ describe('parseManifest', () => {
     ['unknown perm', { ...base, permissions: ['fs:read'] }, /unknown permission/],
     ['outbound no egress', { ...base, permissions: ['http:outbound'] }, /egress\[\] is empty/],
     ['wildcard egress', { ...base, permissions: ['http:outbound'], egress: ['*'] }, /bare "\*"/],
+    ['allow-all outbound host', { ...base, permissions: ['http:outbound:*'], egress: ['x.com'] }, /invalid http:outbound host/],
+    ['degenerate wildcard host', { ...base, permissions: ['http:outbound:*.'], egress: ['x.com'] }, /invalid http:outbound host/],
+    ['whole-TLD outbound host', { ...base, permissions: ['http:outbound:*.com'], egress: ['x.com'] }, /invalid http:outbound host/],
+    ['host with a space', { ...base, permissions: ['http:outbound:legit.com x'], egress: ['legit.com'] }, /invalid http:outbound host/],
+    ['bad egress host', { ...base, permissions: ['http:outbound:api.x.com'], egress: ['api.x.com', 'no spaces here'] }, /invalid egress host/],
     ['not an object', 'nope', /not an object/],
     ['missing name', { id: 'x-plugin', version: '1.0.0', type: 'page' }, /missing\/invalid "name"/],
   ])('rejects: %s', (_label, input, re) => {
diff --git a/server/tests/unit/plugins/rpc-host.test.ts b/server/tests/unit/plugins/rpc-host.test.ts
index 30b51a7f3..3f7cbd6b3 100644
--- a/server/tests/unit/plugins/rpc-host.test.ts
+++ b/server/tests/unit/plugins/rpc-host.test.ts
@@ -28,6 +28,8 @@ function makeDeps(): HostDeps {
     },
     // trip 1 is accessible to user 42; everything else is not
     canAccessTrip: vi.fn((tripId: number, userId: number) => (tripId === 1 && userId === 42 ? { id: 1 } : undefined)),
+    // user 42 may see user 3 (they share a trip); nobody else
+    canSeeUser: vi.fn((actingUserId: number, targetUserId: number) => actingUserId === 42 && targetUserId === 3),
     broadcastToTrip: vi.fn(),
     broadcastToUser: vi.fn(),
   };
@@ -97,22 +99,41 @@ describe('PluginRpcHost — capability enforcement', () => {
     expect((allowed as RpcResponse).result).toEqual([{ id: 7, name: 'Place' }]);
   });
 
-  it('db:read:users returns only the public projection', async () => {
+  it('db:read:users returns only the public projection for a visible user', async () => {
     const host = new PluginRpcHost('p', new Set(['db:read:users']), deps);
-    const res = await host.dispatch(req('users.getById', { id: 3 }));
+    const res = await host.dispatch(req('users.getById', { id: 3 }), 42);
     expect(ok(res)).toBe(true);
     expect((res as RpcResponse).result).toEqual({ id: 3, username: 'ada', display_name: 'Ada', avatar: null });
     // the SELECT column list is host-controlled — no password/token columns
     expect(deps.db.prepare).toHaveBeenCalledWith(expect.stringContaining('id, username, display_name, avatar'));
   });
 
-  it('ws:broadcast:trip forwards to the (namespaced) broadcaster', async () => {
+  it('db:read:users is RESOURCE_FORBIDDEN for a user the acting user cannot see (no enumeration)', async () => {
+    const host = new PluginRpcHost('p', new Set(['db:read:users']), deps);
+    const forbidden = await host.dispatch(req('users.getById', { id: 999 }), 42);
+    expect((forbidden as RpcError).error.code).toBe('RESOURCE_FORBIDDEN');
+    // and with no bound acting user (job / forged call), also denied
+    const noUser = await host.dispatch(req('users.getById', { id: 3 }), undefined);
+    expect((noUser as RpcError).error.code).toBe('RESOURCE_FORBIDDEN');
+  });
+
+  it('ws:broadcast:trip forwards to the (namespaced) broadcaster for a member', async () => {
     const host = new PluginRpcHost('p', new Set(['ws:broadcast:trip']), deps);
-    const res = await host.dispatch(req('ws.broadcastToTrip', { tripId: 1, event: 'ping', data: { a: 1 } }));
+    const res = await host.dispatch(req('ws.broadcastToTrip', { tripId: 1, event: 'ping', data: { a: 1 } }), 42);
     expect(ok(res)).toBe(true);
     expect(deps.broadcastToTrip).toHaveBeenCalledWith(1, 'ping', { a: 1 });
   });
 
+  it('ws:broadcast:trip is RESOURCE_FORBIDDEN for a non-member trip (no cross-tenant push)', async () => {
+    const host = new PluginRpcHost('p', new Set(['ws:broadcast:trip']), deps);
+    const forbidden = await host.dispatch(req('ws.broadcastToTrip', { tripId: 999, event: 'x', data: {} }), 42);
+    expect((forbidden as RpcError).error.code).toBe('RESOURCE_FORBIDDEN');
+    expect(deps.broadcastToTrip).not.toHaveBeenCalled();
+    // and a broadcast with no bound acting user is denied too
+    const noUser = await host.dispatch(req('ws.broadcastToTrip', { tripId: 1, event: 'x', data: {} }), undefined);
+    expect((noUser as RpcError).error.code).toBe('RESOURCE_FORBIDDEN');
+  });
+
   it('bad params are BAD_PARAMS', async () => {
     const host = new PluginRpcHost('p', new Set(['db:own']), deps);
     const res = await host.dispatch(req('db.query', { args: [] }));
@@ -127,11 +148,14 @@ describe('PluginRpcHost — capability enforcement', () => {
     }
   });
 
-  it('ws:broadcast:user forwards to the per-user broadcaster', async () => {
+  it('ws:broadcast:user forwards only to the acting user (never an arbitrary one)', async () => {
     const host = new PluginRpcHost('p', new Set(['ws:broadcast:user']), deps);
-    const res = await host.dispatch(req('ws.broadcastToUser', { userId: 9, event: 'poke', data: { x: 2 } }));
+    const res = await host.dispatch(req('ws.broadcastToUser', { userId: 42, event: 'poke', data: { x: 2 } }), 42);
     expect(ok(res)).toBe(true);
-    expect(deps.broadcastToUser).toHaveBeenCalledWith(9, { event: 'poke', x: 2 });
+    expect(deps.broadcastToUser).toHaveBeenCalledWith(42, { event: 'poke', x: 2 });
+    // broadcasting to a DIFFERENT user is refused
+    const forbidden = await host.dispatch(req('ws.broadcastToUser', { userId: 9, event: 'poke', data: {} }), 42);
+    expect((forbidden as RpcError).error.code).toBe('RESOURCE_FORBIDDEN');
   });
 
   it('non-array db args are BAD_PARAMS; a primitive ws payload is wrapped', async () => {
@@ -139,7 +163,7 @@ describe('PluginRpcHost — capability enforcement', () => {
     const bad = await host.dispatch(req('db.query', { sql: 'SELECT 1', args: 'nope' }));
     expect((bad as RpcError).error.code).toBe('BAD_PARAMS');
 
-    await host.dispatch(req('ws.broadcastToTrip', { tripId: 1, event: 'ping', data: 'primitive' }));
+    await host.dispatch(req('ws.broadcastToTrip', { tripId: 1, event: 'ping', data: 'primitive' }), 42);
     expect(deps.broadcastToTrip).toHaveBeenCalledWith(1, 'ping', { value: 'primitive' });
   });
 
diff --git a/wiki/Plugin-Publishing.md b/wiki/Plugin-Publishing.md
index 7c35f54e2..13a303e3a 100644
--- a/wiki/Plugin-Publishing.md
+++ b/wiki/Plugin-Publishing.md
@@ -171,8 +171,9 @@ and resolves to `commitSha` · manifest parity at that commit (`id`, `version`,
 `type`, `apiVersion`, and `nativeModules` must not be `true`) · **the downloaded
 artifact's SHA-256 matches the pin** and its size is within bounds · **no native
 binaries** in the archive · `egress[]` present (and no bare `*`) when
-`http:outbound` is declared. Any unique slug is fine — **there are no reserved
-namespaces**.
+`http:outbound` is declared. Any unique slug is fine **except `registry`,
+`install` and `rescan`**, which the install loader refuses (they collide with
+admin API route segments).
 
 **README** (`check-readme.mjs`, fetched at the pinned commit): must exist at the
 repo root, contain the sections **What it does / Screenshots / Permissions /
diff --git a/wiki/Plugins.md b/wiki/Plugins.md
index 7e7a14e0a..bfbaee106 100644
--- a/wiki/Plugins.md
+++ b/wiki/Plugins.md
@@ -153,8 +153,9 @@ registry entry, so you never hand-compute a SHA-256 or hand-write registry JSON:
 
 Run them via `npx trek-plugin-sdk …`. See [[Plugin Development|Plugin-Development]]
 for the SDK and manifest, and [[Publishing a Plugin|Plugin-Publishing]] for the
-registry PR flow. Publishing no longer reserves any namespaces — any unique slug
-is fine — but an `id` stays bound to the GitHub owner who first registered it, so
+registry PR flow. Any unique slug works — only `registry`, `install` and `rescan`
+are refused (they'd collide with admin API routes) — and an `id` stays bound to
+the GitHub owner who first registered it, so
 nobody can repoint an existing plugin. Entries may optionally carry an author
 signing key (`authorPublicKey` + a per-version `signature`) for offline signature
 verification on top of the SHA-256 pin.